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Optimize Django complicated queries using subqueries, conditional logic, and array aggregation for efficient data retrieval and annotation.
An Object-Relational Mapper (ORM) is a code library that automates the transfer of data stored in relational database tables into objects that are more commonly used in application code. ORMs allow developers to interact with databases using their preferred programming language, rather than writing raw SQL queries, thus improving productivity and code maintainability. They handle tasks such as data type conversion, query construction, and database connection management.